97.12.11 開放近用資訊

這次上課內容是
"The New Journal of Physics as an Example of Open Access Journals"
(新物理學刊：開放近用學刊案例)

講了新物理學刊的特色、優勢及挑戰

因為我印的是老師放在網路上的講義
所以有中文可以對照，看文章看得比較流暢


＊ Open Access in the Social Sciences
(By Ulrich Herb, Saarland University and State Library)

This lack of knowledge stands in contrast to the numerous services that are available: in Germany, the institutional Open Access server coverage for authors at the local university is exemplary. However, fewer than 20% of the documents on these servers come from the social sciences. According to a DFG study, social scientists, more than other academics, request discipline-based servers. Already existing examples in the social sciences are the Munich Personal RePEc Archive MPRA of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität of Munich for economists (http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de), and PsyDok, the psychology server of the Saarland University and State Library (http://psydok.sulb.uni-saarland.de) . Similar servers are being set up with the Social Science Open Access Repository (SSOAR) at the Centre for Digital Systems (CediS) of the Freie Universität Berlin in cooperation with the Social Science Information Centre (IZ Sozialwissenschaften) in Bonn, or Pedagogical Documents (PeDoc) by the German Institute for International Pedagogical Research (DIPF).

這種知識的缺乏對照眾多的服務是適合的、有效的：在德國，為讀者而設的體制的開放近用伺服器，在地方大學堪稱楷模。然而，伺服器只有不到20 ％的文件是來自於社會科學。根據DFG的研究，社會科學家對伺服器的需求，遠超過其他學科。有個在社會科學方面現有的例子，MPRA於慕尼黑的路德維希-馬克西米利安大學的經濟學家(http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de)，另外，還有薩爾大學與國家圖書館(http://psydok.sulb.uni-saarland.de)在心理學領域的伺服器—PsyDok。社會科學開放近用儲存系統(SSOAR)相似的伺服器被設置在位於柏林的Freie大學與位於波昂的社會科學資訊中心的數據系統中心，或是德國的國際教學研究所(PeDoc)的教學文件(DIPF)。


Of more than 2 600 journals listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ: http://www.doaj.org), approximately 23% can be attributed to the social sciences, and fewer than 20 are published in Germany. The frontrunner is the trilingual journal Forum: Qualitative Social Research FQS (http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs/), which has already been accessed some 16 million times. It is probably the most important online journal for qualitative social research. Others to be mentioned are Survey Research Methods (http://surveymethods.org),the psychology journal Brains, Minds & Media(http://www.brains-minds-media.org) and the education journal Bildungsforschung (http://www.bildungsforschung.org).

超過2 600個期刊被列表在開放近用期刊的指南手冊(DOAJ：http://www.doaj.org)，大約有23 ％可以被歸因於社會科學，只有不到20％是在德國所印刷出版的。遙遙領先的是有三種語言的雜誌論壇：定性社會研究FQS(http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs/)，已被近用了約16萬次，這可能是定性社會研究(FQS)最重要的線上期刊。其他被提及的還有考查研究方法(http://surveymethods.org)、心理學智力期刊、思想與媒體(http://www.brains-minds-media.org)和教育雜誌(http://www.bildungsforschung.org)。

The acceptance of Open Access depends on its recognition within a specific area of expertise.There are some positive signals here: the German Sociological Association (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Soziologie, DGS), the German Educational Research Association (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Erziehungswissenschaft,DGfE) and the German Psychological Society(Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychologie, DGPs) are represented on the advisory committee of the Information Platform on Open Access.(http://www.open-access.net), which addresses scientists and scholars, universities and learned societies. The DGPs even makes recommendations regarding Open Access. As the DFG study shows, this is the right way to go: the more knowledge of and experience with Open Access there is, the fewer the reservations.

開放近用的受理與接納取決於其在專門知識的特定領域所得到的承認。這裡有一些積極正面的標誌：德國社會學協會(DGS )、德國教育研究協會(DGFE)、德國心理學社會學會(DGPs)，代表國開放近用國際平台的諮詢委員會。(http://www.open-access.net)，其中有科學家、學者、大學級學術團體等。DGPs甚至提出關於開放近用的推薦。根據DGPs的研究顯示，這是個正確的前進方向：開放近用越多的知識和經驗，越少的保留。